Mitral Regurgitation
The MR Murmur is classically holosystolic (from S1 all the way to S2), plateau-shaped. Louder with increased afterload (hand grip or BP cuffs). Loudest at the apex, radiates to the axilla (except in isolated posterior leaflet MR, where it radiates anteriorly to the tricuspid area).
Patient 1:
This is a young man who developed severe mitral regurgitation as a result of infective endocarditis from intravenous drug use.
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 2:
This is an older man who developed severe mitral regurgitation related to marantic endocarditis from an underlying malignancy.
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 3:
This is a middle-aged man who developed infective endocarditis several months after a dental cleaning, causing severe mitral regurgitation.
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 4:
This patient has mitral regurgitation. Note the “honking” nature of the murmur, indicative of leaflet prolapse. (**This recording will have to be re-rendered)
Mitral Regurgitation
Patient 5:
This patient has mitral regurgitation.
Patient 6:
This patient has mitral regurgitation.
Patient 7:
This patient has mitral regurgitation.
Patient 8:
This patient has severe mitral regurgitation. Notice the plateau-shaped murmur that starts with S1 and extends through systole to S2.
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 9:
This patient has severe mitral regurgitation and a mechanical aortic valve.
Mitral Regurgitation
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Annotation
Patient 10:
This is an older man who developed severe mitral regurgitation of unclear etiology
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 11:
This is a patient with severe mitral regurgitation. Note the plateau-shaped murmur that does not quite extend through all of systole to the S2 (atypical). There is radiation to the axilla.
Mitral Regurgitation
Annotated
Patient 12:
This is a middle-aged woman who was admitted with complications related to complications of end-stage renal disease; she was found to have 3/6 holosystolic murmur over the apex with radiation to axilla. Echocardiogram demonstrated moderate mitral regurgitation.
Patient 13:
This is an older woman with a mechanical aortic valve and severe mitral regurgitation.
Patient 14
This is a young man with mitral valve regurgitation related to infective endocarditis from intravenous drug use.
Patient 15:
This is an older man with multiple valvulopathies, including severe mitral valve regurgitation, moderate aortic stenosis, and moderate pulmonic insufficiency.
Patient 16:
50-something year old woman admitted with subacute symptoms of 2 weeks of DOE, orthopnea, chest pain with exertion and found to have a new murmur (dx at urgent care). Echo revealed myxomatous changes of mitral valve with flail leaflet/prolapse with severe MR. There is a holosystolic murmur as well as an S3 gallop (not an unexpected finding in the setting of MR, as the regurgitant bolus of blood creates a deluge of blood entering the ventricle during passive ventricular filling, giving rise to an S3 gallop). She was also in heart failure, marked by an elevated JVP.